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@PHDTHESIS{Vovchenko:211847,
      author       = {Vovchenko, Volodymyr},
      othercontributors = {Stöcker, Horst},
      title        = {{Q}uantum statistical van der {W}aals equation and its
                      {QCD} applications},
      school       = {Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      reportid     = {GSI-2018-00727},
      pages        = {xx, 146 S.},
      year         = {2018},
      note         = {Dissertation, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität
                      Frankfurt, 2018},
      abstract     = {The theory of strong interactions — Quantum
                      Chromodynamics (QCD) — is well-defined mathematically.
                      However, direct applications of this theory to experiment
                      are rather limited due to significant technical obstacles.
                      Even some general features of QCD remain unclear to date.
                      Hence, phenomenological input is important and needed for
                      practical applications, e.g. for theoretical analysis of the
                      heavy-ion collision experiments. In this thesis the role of
                      hadronic interactions is studied in the hadron resonance gas
                      (HRG) model — a popular model for the confined phase of
                      QCD. The description of hadronic interactions is based on
                      the famous van der Waals (VDW) equation and its quantum
                      statistical generalization. While this is not the
                      conventional choice for nuclear/hadronic physicspplications,
                      the simplicity of the VDW approach makes it extremely
                      useful. In particular, this framework allows to include the
                      two most basic ingredients of hadron-hadron interaction: the
                      short-range repulsion, modeled by excluded-volume (EV)
                      corrections, and the intermediate range attraction. The
                      first part of the thesis considers just the repulsive EV
                      interactions between hadrons. A hitherto unknown, but
                      surprisingly strong sensitivity of the long known thermal
                      fits to heavy-ion hadron yield data to the choice of hadron
                      eigenvolumes is uncovered. It challenges the robustness of
                      the chemical freeze-out temperature and baryochemical
                      potential determination from the thermal fits. However, at
                      the same time, the extracted value of the entropy per baryon
                      is found to be a robust observable which depends weakly on
                      this systematic uncertainty of the HRG model.A Monte Carlo
                      procedure to treat EV interactions in HRG is also introduced
                      in this thesis. It allows to study simultaneous effects of
                      EV and of exact charge conservation in HRG for the first
                      time. Generalizations of the classical VDW equation are
                      required for its applications in hadronic physics. he grand
                      canonical ensemble (GCE) formulation of the classical VDW
                      equation is presented. Remarkably, this important aspect of
                      the VDW equation was not discovered before. The GCE
                      formulation yields the analytic structure of the critical
                      fluctuations, both in the vicinity of and far off the
                      critical point. These critical fluctuations are presently
                      actively being used as probes for the QCD critical point.
                      Another extension is the hitherto undiscovered
                      generalization of the VDW equation to include quantum
                      Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics. It is performed
                      for both single-component and multi-component fluids. The
                      Fermi-Dirac VDW equation is applied for the first time. It
                      is used to describe nucleons and basic properties of nuclear
                      matter. The quantum statistical generalization of the VDW
                      equation developed in this work is quite general, and can be
                      applied for any fluid. Thus, its applications are not
                      restricted to QCD physics, but may also find themselves in
                      chemistry and/or industry. The quantum statistical VDW
                      equation is used to describe baryonic interactions in full
                      HRG. The VDW parameters $a$ and $b$ are fixed to the nuclear
                      ground state and the predictions of the model are confronted
                      with lattice QCD calculations. The inclusion of baryonic
                      interactions leads to a qualitatively different behavior of
                      the fluctuations of conserved charges in the crossover
                      region. In many cases it resembles the lattice data. These
                      results suggest that hadrons do not melt quickly with
                      increasing temperature, as one could conclude on the basis
                      of the common simple ideal HRG model. Calculations at finite
                      chemical potentials show that the nuclear liquid-gas
                      transition manifests itself by non-trivial fluctuations of
                      the net baryon number in heavy ion collisions. In the final
                      part of the thesis the pure glue initial scenario for
                      high-energy hadron and heavy-ion collisions is explored.
                      This scenario is shown not to spoil the existing agreement
                      of the hadronic and electromagnetic observables description
                      in Pb+Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large
                      Hadron Collider. Hydrodynamic calculations suggest that
                      collisions of small-sized nuclei at lower collision energies
                      available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are
                      promising in the search for the traces of the chemically
                      non-equilibrium gluon-dominated phase transition.},
      cin          = {THE},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Ds200)THE-20051214OR028},
      pnm          = {612 - Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory (POF3-612)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-612},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-463016},
      url          = {https://repository.gsi.de/record/211847},
}