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@PHDTHESIS{Klimes:347256,
      author       = {Klimes, Jeffrey William},
      title        = {{I}njection of {H}ighly {C}harged {I}on {E}nsembles for
                      {S}pectroscopy of {M}agnetic {I}nteractions in the {ARTEMIS}
                      {P}enning {T}rap},
      school       = {Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Heidelberg University Library},
      reportid     = {GSI-2023-00965},
      pages        = {147},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Dissertation, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 2023},
      abstract     = {Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the most precisely
                      validated theory in modern physics, yet it remains mostly
                      untested in the most extreme fields. In addition, atomic
                      nuclei generate fields much stronger than can be made in
                      even the most advanced laser and magnet facilities.
                      Therefore, heavy highly charged ions (HCIs) present
                      themselves as natural laboratories for investigating QED in
                      strong fields. ARTEMIS is a Penning trap experiment designed
                      for measurement of electron and nuclear magnetic moments in
                      heavy HCIs using laser-microwave double-resonance (LMDR)
                      spectroscopy. This technique enables measurement of magnetic
                      moments in atomic systems with hyperfine structure, in which
                      the transitions are often in the near ultraviolet (UV)
                      regime such as hydrogenlike bismuth, 209Bi82+. Precision
                      spectroscopy of such heavy, HCIs requires an exceedingly
                      well isolated trapping environment with vacuum pressure
                      better than 10−15 mbar. This work presents the
                      implementation of the first ion trap capable of long-term
                      storage of heavy HCIs with a residual gas pressure better
                      than 2.4x10−16 mbar and with rapid cycle times as fast as
                      100 ms for irradiation with UV laser light, as well as the
                      design of the corresponding injection beamline. The trapping
                      conditions are verified by non-destructive monitoring of
                      trapped HCIs over a few days, which were ultimately stored
                      for about 2 weeks. The operation of such a fast-opening
                      cryogenic valve (FCV) is essential to the LMDR technique for
                      many heavy ion systems where excellent environmental
                      conditions in the trapping region and direct line of sight
                      for laser irradiation are required.},
      keywords     = {530 Physics (Other)},
      cin          = {ATP},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Ds200)ATP-20051214OR020},
      pnm          = {631 - Matter – Dynamics, Mechanisms and Control
                      (POF4-631)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-631},
      experiment   = {$EXP:(DE-Ds200)no_experiment-20200803$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = { urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-332665},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-332665},
      doi          = {10.11588/HEIDOK.00033266},
      url          = {https://repository.gsi.de/record/347256},
}