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@PHDTHESIS{Amanbayev:347775,
      author       = {Amanbayev, Daler},
      title        = {{M}ass measurements at the {N}={Z} and {N}=126 limits at
                      the {FRS} {I}on {C}atcher and development of the {C}ryogenic
                      {S}topping {C}ell for the {S}uper-{FRS}},
      school       = {Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      publisher    = {Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen},
      reportid     = {GSI-2023-01110},
      pages        = {145},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Dissertation, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 2023},
      abstract     = {Over the past century, nuclear physics has played a vital
                      role in our understanding of the atomic nucleus, its
                      structure and interactions. Most of this knowledge, however,
                      originates from a few hundred nuclei that naturally occur on
                      Earth. One of the ways of testing and improving our
                      understanding is to study versions of nuclei with extreme
                      ratios of neutrons to protons – the so-called exotic
                      nuclei. They exhibit unusual phenomena, and their properties
                      drive processes of creation of elements in the Universe.
                      Exotic nuclei are created in stellar events and in
                      radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities. The research with
                      exotic nuclei poses major challenges because these nuclei
                      are unstable and can be produced in small quantities only.
                      Furthermore, the more exotic the nucleus is, the larger is
                      the difficulty to reach it. There exists a gap between the
                      nuclei that the scientific community is interested in and
                      the nuclei that are accessible. One prominent instance is
                      the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process), responsible
                      for the creation of approximately half of the nuclei heavier
                      than iron. The nuclei around N=126 which lead to the
                      formation of the third r-process abundance peak (at A≈195)
                      still cannot be accessed in state-of-the art RIB facilities.
                      Therefore, the description of the r-process relies on
                      predictions of theoretical models. The models quite often
                      deviate from true values, and thus require new data to be
                      validated against. On the experimental side, this issue is
                      approached from three perspectives: (i) building more
                      powerful next-generation RIB facilities, (ii) pushing the
                      limits of the existing RIB facilities by improving the
                      instrumentation and detection methods, and (iii) exploring
                      new techniques and reactions for producing the exotic
                      nuclei. The example of the next-generation RIB facility is
                      the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), which
                      is under construction at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy
                      Ion Research (Darmstadt, Germany). The superconducting
                      fragment separator (Super-FRS) is the central instrument of
                      FAIR’s research program on nuclear structure, astrophysics
                      and reactions. This work contributes to our understanding of
                      atomic nucleus by building an advanced and more powerful
                      detection system, and demonstrating its potential to shrink
                      the mentioned gap between “interesting” and
                      “accessible”. It is centered on a novel cryogenic
                      stopping cell (CSC) for the Super-FRS at FAIR. The CSC
                      converts intense and fast beams of exotic nuclei of all
                      elements produced at the Super-FRS into low-energy beams in
                      a quick and efficient manner, to enable a variety of
                      experiments e.g., mass, decay and laser spectroscopy. In
                      this work, its concepts are developed in detail to ensure
                      the unprecedented performance parameters and maximize the
                      discovery potential of these experiments at the Super-FRS,
                      FAIR. Furthermore, the CSC, as shown in this work, can be
                      used for investigating reaction mechanisms. These include
                      both conventional reactions like fission, projectile
                      fragmentation and promising candidates like multi-nucleon
                      transfer reactions, aimed to produce hard-to-reach very
                      heavy neutron-rich exotic nuclei. The related developments
                      are tested on a prototype of the CSC employed at the FRS Ion
                      Catcher (FRC-IC) setup at GSI, and are part of this thesis.
                      The importance and potential of the system to improve our
                      understanding of nuclear structure and reaction mechanism
                      have been demonstrated in experiments conducted at the
                      FRS-IC. There, the high-accuracy measurements of masses,
                      isomer excitation energies and isomer-to-ground-state ratios
                      were performed at the neutron-deficient and neutron-rich
                      limits of the nuclide chart by the means of a
                      multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass-spectrometry
                      (MR-TOF-MS). The studies carried out in this work include
                      the heaviest N = Z nuclides as they provide an excellent
                      opportunity to probe nuclear shell and mean-fi eld models,
                      the discovery of an isomeric state, and the lightest isotope
                      measured so far at N = 126 as a milestone towards the third
                      abundance peak of the r-process.},
      keywords     = {nuclear structure (Other) / nuclear astrophysics (Other) /
                      nuclear physics (Other) / frs ion catcher (Other) / gsi
                      (Other) / fair (Other) / cryogenic stopping cell (Other) /
                      ddc:530 (Other)},
      cin          = {FRS / SuperFRS-EC@FAIR},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Ds200)FRS-20110310OR124 /
                      I:(DE-Ds200)Coll-FAIR-SuperFRS-EC},
      pnm          = {612 - Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory (POF4-612)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-612},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-Ds200)S468-20200803},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.22029/JLUPUB-18567},
      url          = {https://repository.gsi.de/record/347775},
}