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@ARTICLE{Niedermayer:350567,
      author       = {Niedermayer, Philipp and Singh, Rahul},
      title        = {{E}xcitation signal optimization for minimizing
                      fluctuations in knock out slow extraction},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {GSI-2024-00572},
      pages        = {10310},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {This article is licensed under a Creative Commons
                      Attribution 4.0 International License},
      abstract     = {The synchrotron is a circular particle accelerator used for
                      high energy physics experiments, material and life science,
                      as well as hadron cancer therapy. After acceleration to the
                      desired energies, particle beams are commonly extracted from
                      the synchrotron using the method of resonant slow
                      extraction. The goal is to deliver a steady particle
                      flux—referred to as spill—to experiments and treatment
                      facilities over the course of seconds while slowly emptying
                      the storage ring. Any uncontrolled intensity fluctuations in
                      the spill are detrimental to the efficiency of beam usage,
                      as they lead to detector pileups or detector interlocks,
                      hindering experiments and cancer treatment. Among the most
                      widely used extraction scheme in medical facilities is the
                      Radio Frequency Knock Out (RF-KO) driven resonant slow
                      extraction, where the stored beam is transversely excited
                      with a radio frequency (RF) field and the spill intensity is
                      controlled by the excitation signal strength. This article
                      presents particle dynamics simulations of the RF-KO system
                      with the focus on finding effective mechanism for minimizing
                      the intensity fluctuations while maintaining a good
                      extraction efficiency and other advantages of KO extraction.
                      An improved beam excitation signal which optimizes these
                      main objectives is found, and is rigorously compared
                      experimentally with other commonly applied techniques.},
      cin          = {HES / BEA},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Ds200)HES-20160901OR377 /
                      I:(DE-Ds200)BEA-20051214OR061},
      pnm          = {621 - Accelerator Research and Development (POF4-621) / DFG
                      project 491382106 - Open-Access-Publikationskosten /
                      2022-2024 / GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
                      (491382106) / I.FAST - Innovation Fostering in Accelerator
                      Science and Technology (101004730)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-621 / G:(GEPRIS)491382106 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)101004730},
      experiment   = {$EXP:(DE-Ds200)External_experiment-20200803$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38705915},
      UT           = {WOS:001214241900004},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-024-60966-y},
      url          = {https://repository.gsi.de/record/350567},
}