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@ARTICLE{Sheng:361665,
      author       = {Sheng, Yinxiangzi and Volz, Lennart and Mao, Jingfang and
                      Chen, Jian and Steinsberger, Timo and Wang, Weiwei and Sun,
                      Jiayao and Han, RongCheng and Durante, Marco and Graeff,
                      Christian},
      title        = {{C}omprehensive {R}obustness {E}valuation of {P}roton and
                      {C}arbon-{I}on {P}lans in {T}horacic {C}ancer {T}reatment},
      journal      = {International journal of particle therapy},
      volume       = {17},
      issn         = {2331-5180},
      address      = {[Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]},
      publisher    = {Particle Therapy Cooperative Group},
      reportid     = {GSI-2025-00991},
      pages        = {101195},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {This is an open access article under the CC BY license
                      (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This project
                      is funded by the International Postdoctoral Exchange
                      Fellowship Program (CN 2020016)},
      abstract     = {To evaluate the impact of setup errors, range uncertainty,
                      and respiratory motion on dose distributions for clinically
                      delivered pencil beam scanning proton and carbon-ion plans.A
                      retrospective analysis was conducted on 23 lung cancer and
                      trachea adenoid cystic carcinoma patients who received
                      treatment at our center. Plans were generated using Syngo
                      with planning target volume-based optimization. Dose
                      reconstruction was performed using TReatment planning for
                      Particles 4D. The plans robustness evaluation was performed
                      using two methods: a worst scenarios conventional evaluation
                      (WSCE) with 21 scenarios and a worst scenarios statistical
                      evaluation (WSSE) with 100 randomly sampled scenarios. On
                      top of the 3D evaluation considering setup error and range
                      error, a 4D evaluation was performed considering
                      motion-induced error.The overall target dose $ΔD95\%$ was
                      $-2.37\%$ ± $1.55\%$ (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of
                      the prescribed dose (PD) and $-2.62\%$ ± $2.08\%$ for
                      3DWSSE and 4DWSSE, respectively. The WSCE method often
                      underestimated the dose by approximately $5\%$ for
                      $ΔD95\%.$ The induced uncertainties had limited impact on
                      mean doses for Lungs-iGTV and heart. However, a ΔD1cc
                      greater than $5\%$ of PD was observed for the esophagus and
                      trachea.Conventional robustness evaluation showed
                      significantly reduced target coverage, yet it considers
                      highly improbable worst-case scenarios. Comprehensive WSSE
                      enables the identification of critical patients without
                      compromising plan quality by avoiding overestimation and
                      compensating for unrealistic error scenarios.},
      keywords     = {Carbon therapy (Other) / Motion mitigation (Other) / Pencil
                      beam scanning (Other) / Proton therapy (Other) / Robustness
                      evaluation (Other)},
      cin          = {BIO},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Ds200)BIO-20160831OR354},
      pnm          = {633 - Life Sciences – Building Blocks of Life: Structure
                      and Function (POF4-633) / SUC-GSI-Darmstadt - Strategic
                      university cooperation GSI-TU Darmstadt (SUC-GSI-DA)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-633 / G:(DE-Ds200)SUC-GSI-DA},
      experiment   = {$EXP:(DE-Ds200)no_experiment-20200803$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {40756950},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ijpt.2025.101195},
      url          = {https://repository.gsi.de/record/361665},
}