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@ARTICLE{Fatmaoui:366781,
      author       = {Fatmaoui, Fadwa and Carrivain, Pascal and Taiki, Fatima and
                      Iusupova, Amina and Grewe, Diana and Hagen, Wim and Jakob,
                      Burkhard and Victor, Jean-Marc and Leforestier, Amélie and
                      Eltsov, Mikhail},
      title        = {{D}irect visualization and tracing of chromatin folding in
                      the {D}rosophila embryo.},
      journal      = {The EMBO journal},
      volume       = {45},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {0261-4189},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group UK},
      reportid     = {GSI-2026-00570},
      pages        = {1621 - 1647},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {Chromatin organization, through the assembly of DNA with
                      histones and the folding of nucleosome chains, regulates DNA
                      accessibility for transcription, DNA replication and repair.
                      Although models derived from in vitro studies have proposed
                      distinct nucleosome chain geometries, the organization of
                      chromatin within the crowded cell nucleus remains elusive.
                      Using cryo-electron tomography of thin vitreous sections, we
                      directly observed the path of nucleosomal and linker DNA in
                      situ from a flash-frozen organism - Drosophila embryos. We
                      quantified linker length and curvature, characterizing an
                      irregular zig-zag chromatin-folding motif, with a low degree
                      of linker bending. Nucleosome conformations could be
                      identified on individual particles in favorable orientations
                      without structure averaging. Additionally, we observed
                      particles that accommodate a number of DNA gyres ranging
                      from less than one to up to three, which resemble previously
                      proposed non-octameric nucleosomal particles with variable
                      DNA wrapping.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Nucleosomes: ultrastructure / Nucleosomes:
                      metabolism / Chromatin: ultrastructure / Chromatin:
                      metabolism / Chromatin: chemistry / Embryo, Nonmammalian:
                      ultrastructure / Embryo, Nonmammalian: metabolism /
                      Drosophila melanogaster: embryology / DNA: metabolism / DNA:
                      chemistry / DNA: ultrastructure / Cryoelectron Microscopy /
                      Electron Microscope Tomography / Drosophila: embryology /
                      Chromatin Fiber (Other) / In Situ Cryo-Electron Tomography
                      (Other) / Linker DNA (Other) / Nucleosome (Other) /
                      Sub-Nucleosomal Particles (Other) / Nucleosomes (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Chromatin (NLM Chemicals) / DNA (NLM
                      Chemicals)},
      cin          = {BIO},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Ds200)BIO-20160831OR354},
      pnm          = {633 - Life Sciences – Building Blocks of Life: Structure
                      and Function (POF4-633) / SUC-GSI-Darmstadt - Strategic
                      university cooperation GSI-TU Darmstadt (SUC-GSI-DA)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-633 / G:(DE-Ds200)SUC-GSI-DA},
      experiment   = {$EXP:(DE-Ds200)no_experiment-20200803$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41663843},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12954082},
      doi          = {10.1038/s44318-026-00701-7},
      url          = {https://repository.gsi.de/record/366781},
}