Journal Article

GSI-2026-00011

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Ultrafast, event-by-event heavy-ion simulations for next-generation experiments

Omana Kuttan, M. (Corresponding author) ; Zhou, K. ; Steinheimer, J.GSI* ; Stöcker, H.GSI*

2025
Inst. Woodbury, NY

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1103/wyq5-hlp5  doi:10.15120/GSI-2026-00011

Abstract: We present a novel deep generative framework that uses probabilistic diffusion models for ultrafast, event-by-event simulations of heavy-ion collision output. This new framework is trained on ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) cascade data to generate a full collision event output containing 26 distinct hadron species. The output is represented as a point cloud, where each point is defined by a particle's momentum vector and its corresponding species information. Our architecture integrates a normalizing flow-based condition generator that encodes global event features into a latent vector, and a diffusion model that synthesizes a point cloud of particles based on this condition. A detailed description of the model and an in-depth analysis of its performance is provided. The conditional point-cloud diffusion model learns to generate realistic output particles of collision events which successfully reproduce the UrQMD distributions for multiplicity, momentum, and rapidity of each hadron type. The flexible point-cloud representation of the event output preserves full event-level granularity, enabling direct application to inverse problems and parameter estimation tasks while also making it easily adaptable for accelerating any event-by-event model calculation or detector simulation.

Note: Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Funded by SCOAP3.

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Heiße & Dichte QCD Materie (TES)

Research Program(s):

1. 612 - Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory (POF4-612) (POF4-612)
2. FIAS - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (FIAS)

Experiment(s):

1. no experiment theory work (theory)

Appears in the scientific report 2025

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Database coverage:
; ; ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Electronics and Telecommunications Collection ; Current Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences ; Ebsco Academic Search ; Essential Science Indicators ; IF < 5 ; JCR ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection

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